U.S. Questions Pakistan’s Will to Stop Taliban/Pakistan threat forces militants to retreat

U.S. Questions Pakistan’s Will to Stop Taliban
By CARLOTTA GALL and ERIC SCHMITT
Copyright by The Associated Press
Published: April 23, 2009
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/24/world/asia/24pstan.html?_r=1&th&emc=th


ISLAMABAD, Pakistan — As the Taliban tightened their hold over newly won territory, Pakistani politicians and American officials on Thursday sharply questioned the government’s willingness to deal with the insurgents and the Pakistani military’s decision to remain on the sidelines.

Tariq Mahmood/Agence France-Presse — Getty Images
In Pakistan’s Buner district on Thursday, a barber looked at the “Shave is strictly forbidden” warning that the Taliban wrote on the window of his shop. The Taliban now control the region.

Some 400 to 500 insurgents consolidated control of their new prize, a strategic district called Buner, just 70 miles from the capital, Islamabad, setting up checkpoints and negotiating a truce similar to the one that allowed the Taliban to impose Islamic law in the neighboring Swat Valley.

As they did, Taliban contingents were seen Thursday in at least two other districts and areas still closer to the capital, according to Pakistani government officials and residents.

Yet Pakistani authorities deployed just several hundred poorly paid and equipped constabulary forces to Buner, who were repelled in a clash with the insurgents, leaving one police officer dead.

The limited response set off fresh scrutiny of Pakistan’s military, a force with 500,000 soldiers and a similar number of reservists. The army receives $1 billion in American military aid each year but has repeatedly declined to confront the Taliban-led insurgency, even as it has bled out of Pakistan’s self-governed tribal areas into Pakistan proper in recent months.

The military remains fixated on training and deploying its soldiers to fight the country’s archenemy, India. It remains ill equipped for counterinsurgency, analysts say, and top officers are deeply reluctant to be pressed into action against insurgents who enjoy family, ethnic and religious ties with many Pakistanis.

In the limited engagements in which regular army troops have fought the Taliban in the tribal areas and sections of the Swat Valley, they not only failed to dislodge the Taliban, but also convinced many Pakistanis that their own military was as much of a menace as the Islamic radicals it sought to repel, residents and analysts say.

In Washington, a Defense Department official who is monitoring Pakistan closely said that the poorly trained constabulary force was sent Thursday because Pakistani Army troops were not available, and Pakistani generals were reluctant to pull reinforcements off the border with India — something American officials have encouraged them to do.

“It illustrates there is a lack of political will in the Pakistan civilian leadership to confront these Pakistan Taliban,” said Senator Jack Reed, a Rhode Island Democrat on the Armed Services Committee who just returned from his fifth visit to Pakistan. “The Taliban sense this huge vacuum that they can pour into.”

Instead, the military, which is stretched thin in the areas along the Afghan border, has favored negotiations, and the civilian government has acquiesced. “The government is too worried about its own political survival to take on the militants,” the Defense Department official said.

Where it has engaged the insurgents, the Pakistani Army, untrained in counterinsurgency, has become reviled by the civilian population for its heavy-handed tactics, which have cost many lives while failing to stop the Taliban.

At the same time, the police and paramilitary forces have proved too weak to stand up to the militants. In Buner, desperate residents had resorted to forming their own militias, as much to keep out the military as the Taliban. That effort, too, has now failed.

Prime Minister Yousaf Raza Gilani said Thursday that the government would review the Swat peace agreement if peace was not restored. “We have to ensure writ of the government,” he told journalists. “We reserve the right to go for other options if Talibanization continues.”

Still, a range of American officials continued to press the Pakistani government for “serious, aggressive” military action, an American official said. The Pakistanis have yet to present a persuasive response to American officials, who are calling regularly for updates.

On Capitol Hill, legislators preparing to introduce a bill to provide Pakistan with $7.5 billion in nonmilitary aid over five years may face a steep challenge.

“I have absolutely no confidence in the ability of the existing Pakistan government to do one blessed thing,” said Representative David R. Obey, a Wisconsin Democrat who leads the House Appropriations Committee.

In a sign of the urgency of the crisis, the special envoy for the region, Richard C. Holbrooke, is sending Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton memos several times a day with his latest reading of the situation in Pakistan, an American official said.

Adm. Mike Mullen, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, briefly visited Pakistan on Wednesday night and Thursday from Afghanistan, to meet with Gen. Ashfaq Parvez Kayani, the Pakistani Army chief of staff. An American official briefed on discussions said the Pakistani leadership was “very concerned.”

Buner (pronounced boo-NAIR), home to about one million people, lies in the heart of North-West Frontier Province, bordering seven other districts. Its capture not only advances the Taliban closer to the capital, but also gives the Taliban a vital hub to extend their reach.

The Taliban have already carried out limited attacks and have had a presence, including training camps, in several of the districts bordering Buner, in some cases for years. But on Thursday the militants were seen in several places moving more openly and in larger numbers than before.

More than 30 armed militants entered the Shangla district, east of the main Swat Valley and north of Buner, and were seen patrolling an area around Loch Bazaar, the independent channel Geo TV reported Thursday, quoting witnesses.

Government officials also confirmed that militants have been seen in Totali, far south in Buner and close to the boundary with the Swabi district, which lies close to the main highways into the capital.

Armed militants have also been seen visiting mosques and patrolling in Rustam, a town on the boundary between Buner and the adjoining district of Mardan, said Riaz Khan, a lawyer living in Mardan, the second largest town in North-West Frontier Province. “People are anxious and in a state of fear,” he said.

The Taliban were making a concerted push into areas that overlook the capital, lawmakers and government officials in North-West Frontier Province said.

A powerful religious party leader, Fazlur Rehman, who is allied with the government, warned that militants had reached into the Mansehra district, close to the Tarbela Dam, a vital source of electricity to the center of the country.

“If the Taliban continue to move at this pace they will soon be knocking at the door of Islamabad,” he told Parliament on Wednesday, adding that Margalla Hills, north of the capital, seem to be the only hurdle to the Taliban advance.

The Pakistani Taliban, who number in the thousands across the tribal areas and the Swat region, have declared their aim of establishing Shariah rule throughout Pakistan. But for now, their expansion may be opportunistic and their strength sufficient only to establish local fiefdoms, or “micro-emirates of Shariah,” said Christine Fair, a senior research associate at the RAND Corporation.

“I don’t know what the Taliban’s game plan is, but what seems apparent is the state has no game plan,” she said. “The Pakistani state is not able to stop them and they expand where they can.”

Carlotta Gall reported from Islamabad, and Eric Schmitt from Washington. Reporting was contributed by Jane Perlez and Pir Zubair Shah from Islamabad, Ismail Khan from Peshawar, and Mark Landler and David Stout from Washington.






Pakistan threat forces militants to retreat
Farhan Bokhari in Islamabad and Demetri Sevastopulo in Washington
Copyright The Financial Times Limited 2009
Published: April 24 2009 13:29 | Last updated: April 24 2009 22:59
http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/9e3604f4-30c7-11de-bc38-00144feabdc0.html


Islamic militants on Friday retreated from their newly gained enclave in northern Pakistan after the Pakistani army threatened a full-scale military campaign, amid mounting US pressure on the government to clamp down on the Taliban, which has been making steady inroads towards the capital.

Pakistani private television channels showed footage of Taliban militants carrying AK-47 assault rifles and rocket launchers, driving away in trucks from the northern district of Buner. A senior interior ministry official in Islamabad said the militants had been threatened with a major military campaign.

Earlier this week, Hillary Clinton, US secretary of state, said the growing Taliban onslaught in Pakistani posed an “existential” threat to the nuclear-armed state. She accused Islamabad of “abdicating” its obligation to clamp down on the Taliban.

In recent months, militants have taken control of greater areas of Pakistan, and increasingly are occupying areas closer to Islamabad, marking an expansion away from their traditional safe havens in the lawless tribal border areas.

The Taliban withdrawal from Buner marks a temporary halt to their growing influence. But analysts warned that the Pakistani government’s recent appeasement to the Taliban in the shape of a controversial deal in the northern Swat valley had already emboldened Islamic militants.

Under the agreement, Islamabad allowed the introduction of Islamic laws. But Taliban leaders in Swat responded to the government’s meeting one of their key demands by rejecting any role for Pakistan’s courts, including the Supreme Court, to hear appeals handed down by the Islamic Sharia courts.

Yusuf Raza Gilani, the Pakistani prime minister who earlier this week rejected US criticism, saying Islamabad had a “home-made” strategy, on Friday pledged to protect the authority of his government across the country, including the Swat valley.

“We will react if the writ of the government is challenged,” Mr Gilani told the parliament. “The country’s defence is in strong hands,” he said in remarks that appeared pointed towards criticism of the Pakistan army for not fighting aggressively enough in Swat to beat back the Taliban.

Some US officials have questioned why General Ashfaq Kayani, the head of the Pakistani army who the Pentagon believed understood the militant threat, has been unwilling to act with more force. Some US and Pakistani critics say the military’s failure to take charge forced Islamabad to accept the peace deal.

On Thursday, witnesses from Buner reported the Taliban moving swiftly to establish their hardline religious values. Messages on loudspeakers urged the local population to grow long beards while women were ordered to wear the burqa veil.

Earlier in Buner, the Taliban militants destroyed parts of the shrine of Pir Baba, the patron saint of the area, taking the view that visiting shrines amounted to idol worshipping. Destruction of the shrine reinforced the Taliban’s attachment to the Wahabi tradition of Islam, practised in Saudi Arabia.

Analysts said it was unlikely that they would receive support from the majority of the population, especially in the populous Punjab province that is home to 60 per cent of the population and where the prevailing Muslim tradition is a more conciliatory approach built on the traditions of Sufis, or spiritual Muslim saints.